中國共產黨
the Communist Party of China (CPC)
黨員
members of the Communist Party of China
中國工人階級
Chinese working class
中國共產黨章程
Party Constitution
中國共產主義青年團
the Communist Youth League of China
先鋒隊
vanguard
黨的紀律
Party discipline
申請入黨者
applicant for Party membership
預備黨員
probationary Party member
入黨宣誓
take an admission oath
誓詞如下：
我志愿加入中國共產黨，擁護黨的綱領，遵守黨的章程，履行黨員義務，執行黨的決定，嚴守黨的紀律，保守黨的秘密，對黨忠誠，積極工作，為共產主義奮斗終身，隨時準備為黨和人民犧牲一切，永不叛黨。
The oath reads: It is my will to join the Communist Party of China, uphold the Party's program, observe the provisions of the Party Constitution, fulfill a Party member's duties, carry out the Party's decisions, strictly observe Party discipline, guard Party secrets, be loyal to the Party, work hard, fight for communism throughout my life, be ready at all times to sacrifice my all for the Party and the people, and never betray the Party.
正式黨員
full Party member
交黨費
pay membership
黨支部
Party branch
黨小組
Party cell
黨員領導干部
Party cadres
民主生活會
democratic meetings
黨齡
a Party standing of ... years
黨徽黨旗
Party Emblem and Flag
馬列主義
Marxism-Leninism
毛澤東思想
Mao Zedong Thought
鄧小平理論
Deng Xiaoping Theory
三個代表：
Three Represents
代表中國先進生產力的發展要求
the development trend of China's advanced productive forces
代表中國先進文化的前進方向
the orientation of China's advanced culture
代表中國最廣大人民的根本利益
the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people
黨的四項基本要求：
four essential requirements
堅持黨的基本路線
adhering to the Party's basic line
解放思想，實事求是，與時俱進
persevering in emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and keeping up with the times
全心全意為人民服務
serving the people wholeheartedly
堅持民主集中制
upholding democratic centralism
三嚴三實：
Three stricts and three honests
既嚴以修身、嚴以用權、嚴以律己，又謀事要實、創業要實、做人要實。
be strict in morals, power and disciplining oneself; be honest in decisions, business and behavior
全面從嚴治黨
comprehensively strengthen Party discipline
經濟方面：
三資企業(中外合資、中外合作、外商獨資) overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)
存款保證金 guaranty money for deposits
貨幣回籠 withdrawal of currency from circulation
吸收游資 absorb idle fund
商業貸款 commercial lending
經營支出 operating expenses
再貸款 re-lending; subloan
支持國有大型企業和高新技術企業上市融資 support large State-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market
改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.
進一步規范和發展證券市場 further standardize and develop the securities market
增加直接融資比重 increase the proportion of direct financing
完善股票發行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets
中國證監會 China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC)
深圳證券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange
上海證券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange
綜合指數 composite index
納斯達克(高技術企業板) NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation)
主板市場 the main board
通貨緊縮 deflation
中國現代化建設分三步走的戰略the three-step development strategy of China's modernization drive
第一步，到1990年國民生產總值比1980年翻一番 Step One： GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.
第二步，到2000年人均國民生產總值比1980年翻兩番，人民生活達到小康水平 Step Two： GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.
第三步，到21世紀中期建國100周年時，達到中等發達國家水平 Step Three： By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China's level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries
與世界經濟的聯系將更加緊密 be more closely linked to the world economy
中國巨大的市場潛力將逐步轉化為現實的購買力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.
適應市場經濟需要的法律法規體系還不夠健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.
經濟管理體制可能會出現一些不適應 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.
一些行業和企業可能會受到沖擊 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.
立足中國國情，發揮自身優勢 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play
揚長避短，趨利避害，迎接經濟全球化的挑戰 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization
瓶頸制約 bottleneck constraints
放權讓利 decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s)
深化改革 intensify reform; deepen one's commitment to reform
配套改革 supporting (concomitant) reforms
配套資金 counterpart funds; local funding of
提高經濟效益 improve economic performance; increase economic returns
講求社會效益 value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect
加速國民經濟信息化 develop information-based economy, accelerate IT application in economy
拉動經濟增長 fuel economic growth
利改稅 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery
費改稅 transform administrative fees into taxes
債轉股 debt-to-equity swap
頭寸寬裕(頭寸緊缺) in an easy position (tight position)
朝陽產業 sunrise industry
招標投標制 the system of public bidding for project
充分發揮貨幣政策的作用 give full play to the role of monetary policy
實施積極的財政政策 follow a pro-active fiscal policy
向銀行增發國債，擴大投資 The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment.
再注資 recapitalization
放松銀根 to ease monetary policy
信息經濟 IT economy
外向型經濟 export-oriented economy
信息時代 information age
全球化 globalization (全球性globality)
信譽風險 reputational risk
風險評級 risk rating
到期不還貸 default on a loan
資不抵債 insolvency; be insolvent
亞洲金融危機 Asian financial crisis (1997-98)
投資(貸款)組合 investment (loan) portfolio
外匯儲備充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves
中國金融業問題 problems with financial sector in China
儲蓄比例過高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply
國有企業產負債率過高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,
國有獨資商業銀行不良資產比例過高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks
少數中小存款金融機構不能支付到期債務 insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions
不良貸款 non-performing loans
防范和化解金融風險 address financial risks
提高企業借貸和行使民事責任的能力 improve enterprises' creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities
監事會 supervisory board
實行謹慎會計制度 adopt prudential accounting standards
五級分類法劃分貸款質量 the five-category asset classification approach
金融資產管理公司 financial asset management companies
分離和收回不良資產 substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets
分業管理、規模經營 business segregation, economy of scale
規范金融機構市場退出制度 improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions
政策性銀行 state policy-related bank
國家發展銀行 State Development Bank
知識經濟 knowledge-based economy
網絡經濟 Internet-based networked economy
指導性計劃 guidance plan
社會主義市場經濟(中國) socialist market economy
社會市場經濟(德國) social market economy
新經濟(美國) new economy
中國光大銀行 Everbright Bank of China
中國民生銀行 China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd.
中信實業銀行 CITIC Industrial Bank
中國進出口銀行 China EXIM Bank
匯豐銀行 Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC)
金融監管 financial supervision
中國人民銀行法 Law of the People's Bank of China
商業銀行法 Law of Commercial Banks
出租車起步價 flag down fare
法定準備金率 required reserve ratio
實體經濟 real economy 虛擬經濟 fictitious economy
反盜版 anti-piracy 知識產權 intellectual property rights
出口退稅 tax rebates 人民幣升值 the yuan’s appreciation
信貸緊縮 credit crunch 次貸危機 subprime mortgage rate 最優惠貸款利率 prime rate
經濟適用房 economically affordable house
安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents
住房保障制度 housing security system
大宗交易系統 block trading system 競價交易系統 bid trading system
暴利稅 windfall tax
從緊的貨幣政策 tight monetary policy
寬松的貨幣政策 easy monetary policy
審慎的財政政策 prudent fiscal policy
油價飆升 oil prices surge
原油價飆升 crude oil prices surge
石油輸出國組織 organization of the petroleum exporting countries(OPEC)
原油儲備 crude oil stockpiles
輕質原油 light sweet crude
使人均GDP翻兩番 to quadruple per capita GDP
股權收購、股權投資 stake purchase ; take stakes
房屋中介 letting agent 保險經紀人 insurance agent 地產經紀人 estate agent
直銷 direct selling 傳銷 pyramid selling
吃回扣 to take/receive/get kickback
洗錢 money laundering
透支 overdraft
股市牛年 bullish year
上市子公司 listed subsidiary
海關稅收 customs revenue
稅收減免 tax break
貨幣升值 revaluation
貨幣經紀人 money broker
起征點 cutoff point
暴發戶；新貴 upstart
養老保險 endowment insurance
解雇金 severance pay
勾銷債款 write off
職員總數 headcount
逃稅 tax evasion
公開募款 initial public offering
戰略石油儲備 strategic petroleum reserve
基準點，衡量標準 benchmark
出口補貼 export subsidy
反托拉斯 anti—trust
資產負債表 balance sheet
貨存，庫存量 inventory
反傾銷 antidumping
不足，赤字，差額 shortfall
美國聯邦儲備系統 Federal Reserve
資本凈值 net worth
文化方面：
無為而治 letting nature take its own course/govern by noninterference
鄉土文化 native culture
炎黃子孫 a Chinese descendant/the Chinese nation
以德行仁 practice humanity with virtue
源遠流長 have a long history
中國意識 Chineseness
中國元素 Chinese elements
中庸之道 doctrine of the mean
二十四節氣 24 solar terms
民間工藝品 folk arts and crafts
文化多樣性 cultural diversification
文化軟實力 cultural soft power
傳統文化知識 traditional cultural know-how
對外文化貿易 international cultural trade
思想道德建設 raise ideological and ethical standards
《四庫全書》 Complete Works of Chinese Classics
文化產業基地 cultural industrial base
文化傳播渠道 channels of cultural transmission
文化創意產業 cultural creative industry
文化體制改革 reform of cultural administrative system; cultural restructuring
骨干文化企業 leading/key cultural enterprises
文化資源整合 integration of cultural resources
新興文化業態 emerging cultural formats
改造落后的文化 transform the backward culture
世界文化遺產地 world cultural heritage site
弘揚民族優秀文化 advance and enrich the fine cultural heritage of the nation
文化下鄉長效機制 long-term mechanism for developing culture in rural areas
重大文化產業項目 major cultural industrial projects
國家一類文物保護單位 cultural relics (units) under first-grade state protection
吸收外國文化有益成果 absorb the achievements of foreign cultures
修身、齊家、治國、平天下 self-cultivation, a well-managed family, and the ability to administer the state and to bring peace to the nation
天干地支 Heavenly Stems and Earthy Branches
天人合一 unity of man and nature
天下為公 the world or country for all
文化寶藏 cultural treasures
文化產業 cultural industry
農耕文化 farming culture
善養浩氣 skillful in nourishing virtual force
慎言敏行 diligent in duties and careful in speech
十二生肖 Chinese Zodiac
思維方式 the way of thinking
文化創新 cultural innovation
文化事業 cultural undertakings
文化視點 cultural perspective
文化需求 cultural needs
文化搖籃 cradle of culture
文化遺跡 cultural relics
文化重建 cultural reconstruction
文化自覺 cultural awareness
八股文 eight-legged; official stereotyped writing
本命年 one’s animal year
道德觀 moral outlook
端午節 Dragon Boat Festival
翰林院 Imperial Academy
和為貴 harmony is most precious
禮之本 essence of the rites
Xi
Jinping stresses CPC leadership of state-owned enterprises
習近平強調堅持黨對國有企業的領導不動搖
1．Efforts should be made to strengthen and improve
Party leadership, as well as to build the role of the Party in SOEs to make
them the most trustworthy and reliable forces of the CPC and the state.
要通過加強和完善黨對國有企業的領導、加強和改進國有企業黨的建設，使國有企業成為黨和國家最可信賴的依靠力量。
2. SOEs should also become
important forces to implement decisions of the CPC Central Committee, the new development
concept, deepened reform, major strategies such as the "going out"
strategies and the Belt and Road Initiative, as well as to enhance overall
national power, economic and social development and people's wellbeing.
國有企業要成為堅決貫徹執行黨中央決策部署的重要力量，成為貫徹新發展理念、全面深化改革的重要力量，成為實施“走出去”戰略、“一帶一路”建設等重大戰略的重要力量，成為壯大綜合國力、促進經濟社會發展、保障和改善民生的重要力量。
3. The president urged
deepening the reform of SOEs, improving management and stepping up supervision
of state assets to make SOEs stronger, bigger and better.
總書記強調要深化國有企業改革、提高經營管理水平，加強國有資產監管，堅定不移把國有企業做強做優做大。
4. Xi Jinping said Party
leadership and building the role of the Party are "the root and soul"
for SOEs.
習近平表示，堅持黨的領導、加強黨的建設，是國有企業的“根”和“魂”。
5. Progress in SOE reform and
development should be the criteria for assessing performance of Party
organizations in SOEs, Xi Jinping said, stressing they should aim to improve
corporate profitability, competitiveness and preserve or increase the value of
state assets.
習近平指出，把提高企業效益、增強企業競爭實力、實現國有資產保值增值作為國有企業黨組織工作的出發點和落腳點，以企業改革發展成果檢驗黨組織的工作和戰斗力。
6. The leading role of Party
organizations in SOE personnel selection must not change and efforts should be
made to cultivate a number of quality corporate executives.
堅持黨組織對國有企業選人用人的領導和把關作用不能變，著力培養一支宏大的高素質企業領導人員隊伍。
7. Noting that the CPC's leadership
in SOEs is a "major political principle," Xi said this principle must
be insisted on. Reform to establish a modern enterprise system within SOEs
should be adhered to as well, Xi Jinping said.
習近平強調，堅持黨對國有企業的領導是重大政治原則，必須一以貫之。建立現代企業制度是國有企業改革的方向，也必須一以貫之。
8. Xi Jinping said the Party
should lead SOEs in political, ideological and organizational aspects
習近平指出，黨對國有企業的領導是政治領導、思想領導、組織領導的有機統一。
9. The Party's power and
responsibilities in SOE decision-making, implementation and supervision
processes should be clearly defined.
要明確黨組織在決策、執行、監督各環節的權責和工作方式。
10. Supervision over
officials in key positions needs to be intensified.
要強化對關鍵崗位、重要人員特別是一把手的監督管理。
11. Important matters
concerning the immediate interests of workers must be submitted to workers'
congresses for deliberation.
企業在重大決策上要聽取職工意見，涉及職工切身利益的重大問題必須經過職代會審議。
12. Party committees at local
levels should incorporate SOE party building into their overall work plans.
地方各級黨委要把國有企業黨的建設納入整體工作部署和黨的建設總體規劃。
13. Liu Yunshan said efforts
should be made to integrate party building with business operations to
transform the fruits of party building into competitive edges for the
enterprises.
劉云山指出，要推動黨建工作與生產經營深度融合，把黨建工作成效轉化為企業發展優勢。
The
concept of the American Santa Claus originated with St. Nicholas, who was born
in Asia Minor in 280 A.D. He was known as a kind, benevolent man; indeed made a
saint because of his generosity.
美國人關于圣誕老人的概念源于圣-尼古拉斯，他生于公元280年的小亞細亞。眾所周知，他是個和藹、慈善的人；確實，由于他的慷慨寬大而成為一位圣徒。
圣誕節專題
In
honor of St. Nicholas, December 6 became the traditional day in Europe for the
exchange of Christmas gifts and the beginning of the holiday season.
為了紀念圣-尼古拉斯，按照歐洲傳統，12月6日就是交換圣誕禮物的日子，也標志著圣誕假期開始
Christmas
is a Christian holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. No one knows
the exact date of Christ's birth, but most Christians observe Christmas on
December 25. On this day, many go to church, where they take part in special
religious services. During the Christmas season, they also exchange gifts and
decorate their homes with holly, mistletoe, and Christmas trees. The word
Christmas comes from Cristes maesse, an early English phrase that means Mass of
Christ. The story of Christmas comes chiefly from the Gospels of Saint Luke and
Saint Matthew in the New Testament.
“圣誕節”這個名稱是“基督彌撒”的縮寫。彌撒是教會的一種禮拜儀式。耶誕節是一個宗教節。我們把它當作耶穌的誕辰來慶祝，因而又名耶誕節。這一天，世界所有的基督教會都舉行特別的禮拜儀式。但是有很多圣誕節的歡慶活動和宗教并無半點關聯。交換禮物，寄圣誕卡，這都使圣誕節成為一個普天同慶的日子。
在美國，圣誕節宴席上的傳統食物有填餡的火雞、土豆泥、越橘醬等。A traditional Christmas dinner in America includes
stuffed turkey （火雞） , mashed
potatoes, cranberry sauce （越橘醬） , and a
variety of other dishes.烤火雞不但在美國，在加拿大、澳大利亞和新西蘭也是圣誕宴席上最普遍的主菜。Roast turkey is the most popular main course not only in the
United States, but also in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.也有的人家不吃火雞，而吃火腿或烤鵝。Some families have ham or roast goose instead of
turkey.人們最喜歡的飯后甜點包括甜餡餅或南瓜餡餅、李子布丁和水果蛋糕。Favorite desserts include mince pie or pumpkin pie, plum
pudding and fruitcake.蛋奶酒是許多家庭喜歡的飲料。Eggnog is a
popular Christmas beverage （飲料） in many homes.在英國，圣誕宴在中午舉行，傳統食品有烤火雞或烤鵝、圣誕布丁、甜餡餅和葡萄酒。In Britain, Christmas dinner is eaten at noon, and
the dinner usually includes roast turkey or goose, Christmas pudding with mince
pies, and accompanied by wine.
圣誕節的重要傳統之一是接受圣誕老人贈送的禮物。One of the most important Christmas traditions is receiving gifts
from Santa Claus.許多小孩子相信自己在圣誕節收到的禮物來自圣誕老人。圣誕老人是個快活的胖老頭兒，長著白胡子，身穿紅袍，頭戴紅帽。據說圣誕老人從北極附近的某地出發，駕著馴鹿拉的雪橇從空中飛到各家，從煙囪進入屋內，留下禮物。Many young children believe that the presents they receive at
Christmas are given by Santa Claus, who is a jolly, white-bearded fat man in a
red suit and red hat. According to the story, Santa Claus travels through the
air from somewhere near the North Pole in a sled drawn by reindeer （馴鹿） and
comes down the chimney to leave the presents.現在，許多國家，包括美國、加拿大、英國 和澳大利亞，都有圣誕老人把節日禮物送給孩子們。Today, Santa Claus brings presents to children in many countries,
including the United States, Canada, Great Britain and Australia.許多商店雇人裝扮成圣誕老人，傾聽孩子們的愿望。Many department stores hire people to wear a Santa Claus costume and
listen to children's requests.在英國，圣誕老人也叫“ Father Christmas ”。 In Great Britain
Santa Claus is also called Father Christmas.圣誕節前幾周，孩子們就開始寫信給圣誕老人，告訴他自己想要什么禮物。During the weeks before Christmas, children write letters to Father
Christmas and tell him what presents they would like to receive.然后他們把信扔進壁爐的火里。They then throw these letters into the fire.他們相信，如果上升的氣流把灰燼順煙囪帶了上去，他們的愿望便會得到滿足。Children believe that if a draft draws the letter up through the
chimney, their wishes will be fulfilled.
